The ultimate ecological fate of the BP spill that released roughly 4.9 million barrels of crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico is yet to be known. In the beginning of August, a high-level U.S. government official declared that more than 75% of the oil spill was “gone” – based on preliminary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimates.
Samantha Joye, a marine biogeochemist from the University of Georgia said
“The oil budget NOAA came out with was just a joke, a fairy tale scenario.” She continued, explaining that people see and hear what they wish to, “I understand why people want it to disappear, but who in their right mind would believe that? It makes absolutely no sense.”
Taking and analyzing sediment cores in the Gulf aboard the research vessel Oceanus, Joye says she’s found layers of oil in ten sediment cores taken around a mile deep and up to 80 miles north of the well. She said that in some places the oil layer was up to two inches thick.
The oil layer in one core sample covered dead organisms like shrimp and marine worms.
The plumes, reported Joye have also changed since their initial detection. They’re much more disseminated, with lower methane gas concentrations and very active microbial communities.
In an email sent to National Geographic from Oceanus, Joye wrote:
“The oil is not gone…You only find it, however, if you look in the right place. The sediment signal is robust. Water column is patchy, but that is not surprising.”
According to the Associated Press, the federal government has set up a security zone around the wreckage site of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig, which now lies on the sea floor about 50 miles southeast from the coast of Louisiana where it exploded and sank in April.
The Justice Department said that the zone extends 750 feet in all directions from the rig and its debris field.
There is however an upside to all of this. The impact on wildlife appears to be far lower than during the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, when 3,100 marine mammals and more than a hundred thousand birds succumbed in Prince William Sound in Alaska.
From the BP Gulf oil spill, more than a thousand turtles, 70 marine mammals and 4,000 birds have died.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration tests of more than a thousand fish samples taken from areas closed to fishing during the initial stages of the cleanup have found only a small fraction contaminated with PAHs. So Gulf Coast seafood has been deemed safe to eat. The levels detected have been a hundred to a thousand times lower than levels of known risk.
“My fear is that [the public will] say, Hallelujah, the oil is gone!” said Samantha Joye, “People will forget about it and walk away and we’ll never learn what is happening…Clearly we didn’t learn anything from Exxon Valdez. … We can do much better than this. If you can do better and choose not to, it’s inexcusable.”